This article comprehensively discusses vulvar lesions, their potential causes and the treatment plan for successful management.

 

What Are Vulvar Lesions? 


Vulvar lesions refer to abnormal growths, sores and any changes to the skin surrounding the external genitalia of a woman. Such lesions come in different shapes, sizes, and appearances, and they may cause itching, burning, or pain. 

It should also be noted that vulvar lesions can be of different origin, not all of which can be considered dangerous and threatening.

 

Common Causes of Vulvar Lesions


1. Infections: The most common causes of vulvar lesions include infections. These may be bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. For instance, genital herpes, human papillomavirus (HPV), and vulvar yeast infections cause vulvar lesions.
2. Skin Conditions: Lesions in the vulvar area can occur due to some skin conditions. Inflammatory conditions such as lichen sclerosus, lichen planus, and psoriasis can also cause alterations in the vulvar skin including lesions.
3. Allergies and Irritants: Lesion of the vulva may be caused by irritation or allergic reactions due to soaps, detergents, or hygiene products that are perfumed.
4. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Vulvar lesions may be caused by some STIs such as syphilis and chancroid. Such lesions usually hurt and can be accompanied by ulcers or discharges.
5. Cancer: For instance, vulvar lesions in some instances are indicative of vulvar cancer. Distinguishing between harmless lesions and the ones that have the potential to cause cancer is vital because early diagnosis is paramount towards the successful cure.
6. Trauma: During the healing process lesions can be developed on the vulvar tissue due to traumas like cuts, burns, or injuries.

Symptoms of Vulvar Lesions

The symptoms of vulvar lesions can vary depending on their cause. Common symptoms include:

  • Itching and burning sensation in the vulvar area.
  • Pain or discomfort, especially during urination or sexual intercourse.
  • Changes in skin color, texture, or appearance.
  • Swelling or lumps in the vulvar area.
  • Discharge, which may be unusual or foul-smelling.
  • Ulcers or open sores in severe cases.

Author credit: By M. Sand, D. Sand, C. Thrandorf, V. Paech, P. Altmeyer, F. G. Bechara - M. Sand, D. Sand, C. Thrandorf, V. Paech, P. Altmeyer, F. G. Bechara: Cutaneous lesions of the nose. In: Head & face medicine Band 6, 2010, S. 7, ISSN 1746-160X. doi:10.1186/1746-160X-6-7. PMID 20525327. (Review). Open Access, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15759466

Diagnosis of Vulvar Lesions

If you notice any of the aforementioned symptoms or discover vulvar lesions, it's essential to seek medical evaluation. A healthcare provider, typically a gynecologist or dermatologist, will perform a thorough examination and may recommend the following diagnostic procedures:

1. Physical Examination: A visual inspection of the vulvar area to assess the size, shape, color, and characteristics of the lesions.

2. Biopsy: In cases where the cause of the vulvar lesions is unclear or cancer is suspected, a biopsy may be performed. This involves removing a small tissue sample from the affected area for laboratory analysis.

3. Laboratory Tests: Testing for sexually transmitted infections or other infections may be done to identify the underlying cause of the lesions.

4. Imaging: In cases where cancer is suspected, imaging tests such as CT scans or MRI may be recommended to determine the extent of the disease.

Treatment Options for Vulvar Lesions

The treatment of vulvar lesions depends on their underlying cause. Here are some common treatment options:

1. Infections: If vulvar lesions are caused by infections, antiviral medications, antibiotics, or antifungal creams may be prescribed to treat the underlying infection.

2. Skin Conditions: For conditions like lichen sclerosus or lichen planus, topical corticosteroids or immunosuppressive medications may be used to manage symptoms and reduce inflammation.

3. Allergies and Irritants: Identifying and avoiding allergens or irritants is crucial. Switching to hypoallergenic or fragrance-free products can help prevent further irritation.

4. STIs: Treatment for STIs causing vulvar lesions will vary depending on the specific infection and may involve antibiotics or antiviral medications.

5. Cancer: In cases of vulvar cancer, treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. Early detection and prompt treatment are essential for a favorable outcome.

6. Trauma: Traumatic vulvar lesions typically heal on their own with proper wound care and hygiene.

Preventive Measures

While not all vulvar lesions can be prevented, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk:
• Practice safe sex by using condoms, and take regular STI screening.
• Adhere to proper hygiene, use gentle cleansers, such as soap, and detergents on the genitals.
• Put on cotton underwear that is breathable and loose-fitting clothes.
• Watch out for any changes in the vulva region and seek medical help when strange signs show up.


Conclusion

Lesions affecting the vulva may pose some level of worry or distress but still occur frequently with most manageable forms. If you are experiencing any symptoms or changes in the vulvar area, you should see a doctor as soon as possible to diagnose the problem and receive proper treatment. 

Do not forget that early detection and appropriate treatment of vulvar lesions are important for a good health and well-being.
 

Contributor: admin